Metabolic & GLP
Mitochondrial Metabolism Studies
Quantity
Ships from the United States with tracking · free shipping over $200
Certificates of analysis
Each certificate covers one production run, and reports on that batch alone. Open any of them to read the laboratory report exactly as the third-party lab issued it.
Authenticity
Scan the code on the label to pull up every published certificate for that compound — the same reports the third-party laboratory issued, batch by batch. Traceable from the laboratory that tested it to your bench.
Verify a batch →Independently tested
Purity is quantified by reverse-phase HPLC and identity confirmed by mass spectrometry, by an outside laboratory rather than in-house.
A certificate for your lot
The report that ships with your order describes the batch you received — not the product line, and not a representative sample.
COA-backed replacement
If material does not match the certificate issued for its lot, we replace it or refund it. Send us the lot number and we will trace it.
Tracked dispatch
Tracking is issued when the label is created, so the shipment is traceable from the moment it leaves us.
About this compound
C101H152N28O25S2
MOTS-c is a 16-residue peptide with an unusual origin — it is encoded in mitochondrial rather than nuclear DNA, one of a small group of mitochondrial-derived peptides. Research examines metabolic signaling and AMPK-pathway endpoints, and the compound is often cited as evidence that mitochondria participate in cellular signaling directly.
Full specification
How it works
The pathways MOTS-c acts on, and what each one does. Signalling described from preclinical models.
AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling
Activation of AMPK is reported in skeletal muscle, adipose and liver. AMPK is the cell's low-energy sensor, so engaging it links the peptide to substrate use rather than to a single tissue.
Mitochondria-to-Nucleus Retrograde Signaling
The sequence is encoded inside the 12S rRNA gene of the mitochondrial genome. That finding is the interesting part — it established that mitochondria issue signals to the nucleus rather than only receiving them.
Metabolic Homeostasis & Exercise Signaling
Endogenous levels are reported to rise with exercise, and mouse models given the peptide exogenously reproduced several exercise-associated metabolic endpoints. The literature treats that parallel as a starting point, not a conclusion.
Uses & applications
The main areas under study, and the study-reported figures behind them.
Insulin sensitivity is measured in diet-induced models, with AMPK activation as the proposed route.
Lee C et al. 2015
Endogenous levels are reported to fall with age, which is the premise for the ageing work rather than a finding of it.
Reynolds JC et al. 2021
Exogenous administration reproduced several exercise-associated endpoints in mice — a parallel the literature treats as a starting point.
Kim SJ et al. 2022
Population work links mitochondrial haplotype variation in this region to longevity, connecting the peptide to human genetics.
Zempo H et al. 2016
What the published work measures
The endpoints reported across the literature for this compound. The figures belong to the individual papers, not to us.
Molecular structure
A computed low-energy conformer built from this compound's published connectivity and stereochemistry, paired with its verified reference values.
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153 atoms
153 atoms, 158 bonds, C101H152N28O22S2. Connectivity and stereochemistry from PubChem CID 146675088. The arrangement is one computed low-energy conformer, not a measured structure — a flexible peptide adopts many conformations in solution. Hydrogens omitted for legibility.
C101H152N28O25S2
Third-party verified
Every batch of MOTS-c is sent to an accredited independent laboratory before it ships. Here is what we screen for.
Quantifies purity and reports it on the lot certificate
Verifies the exact molecular identity
Lead, arsenic, cadmium & mercury
Bacterial endotoxin levels
No microbial contamination
Actual peptide mass per vial verified
FAQ
MOTS-c is a 16-residue peptide with an unusual origin — it is encoded in mitochondrial rather than nuclear DNA, one of a small group of mitochondrial-derived peptides. Research examines metabolic signaling and AMPK-pathway endpoints, and the compound is often cited as evidence that mitochondria participate in cellular signaling directly.
Published research on MOTS-c concentrates on Insulin Resistance & Obesity, Age-Related Metabolic Decline, Exercise Mimicry and mtDNA Variation & Longevity. Each of those areas is summarised further up this page with the citation it comes from, and the full reference list — 4 indexed publications — sits at the bottom. Study designs and concentrations vary considerably between publications, so the primary sources are worth reading directly.
The literature describes MOTS-c acting across AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling, Mitochondria-to-Nucleus Retrograde Signaling and Metabolic Homeostasis & Exercise Signaling, reported respectively as AMPK Activation, mtDNA Origin and Exercise Mimetic. Those pathways are drawn from preclinical models rather than clinical work, and they describe what has been observed rather than a settled mechanism — the individual pathway cards above cite what each one is based on.
MOTS-c has a molecular formula of C101H152N28O25S2, an average mass of 2174.64 g/mol and the sequence MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR. It ships as lyophilized powder (5mg). Those are nominal reference values for the parent compound. The identity of the specific material you receive is confirmed by mass spectrometry and reported on that lot's certificate.
Store the sealed vial at -20°C, protected from light and moisture, and let it reach room temperature before opening so condensation does not form on cold powder. MOTS-c is bacteriostatic water or sterile saline; reconstitute by directing the diluent down the vial wall rather than onto the powder, then swirl to dissolve rather than shaking. Keep reconstituted solution refrigerated and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles — solutions are far less stable than lyophilized powder.
No. MOTS-c is supplied strictly for in-vitro laboratory research and development. It is not a drug, food, supplement or cosmetic, it has not been evaluated by the FDA, and it is not intended for human or animal consumption, ingestion, injection or any in-vivo use. Ordering confirms you are a qualified researcher or institution purchasing on that basis.
Cited sources
Independent published research indexed from PubMed and peer-reviewed journals — not Routine Peptides claims.
For research use only
Not for human or veterinary use. For in-vitro laboratory research only. These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA; this product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Sold exclusively to qualified researchers and institutions.
Before you order
Every production run is analyzed by an independent laboratory, and the certificate for your lot travels with the order — not a catalog-wide document, and not a summary written by us.
